List of Illustrations and Maps Casket of a Mongol burial from the 13th or 14th centuries The Migjid Janraisig Temple at Gandan-Tegchinling Monastery Gobi landscape, east of Sainshand, 1992 Saddle arch of gilt silver, from Ternenis village, near MelitopolвЂ™ Engraved silver stemcup with a lid from the Golden Horde Five-Pagoda Monastery (Chinese, Wutasi) in HГ¶hhot, built 1727 The Old Fiddler, by Гњ. Khangai (forest-steppe) landscape, Bulgan Province, 1992 War flag of the theocratic state, 1911вЂ“1919 Kalmyk women and children in a yurt, brewing distilled milk liquorД®lbek-Dorzhi Rinchino and General Danzin, summer 1924ДЄlexander killing the Habash monster, from the Demotte ShahnamaД¬offin of Chinggis Khan and BГ¶rte after the spring sacrifice in 1935 вЂњYellow MilkвЂќ being fermented to make khuruud (a hard cheese) Leather belts and pouches from a Yuan-era tomb in Chita Region Anonymous court painterДeel, or caftan, from a Yuan-era tomb excavated on the Onon River in southern Siberia Storefront of a Chinese firm in KhГјriye (modern Ulaanbaatar)Д¬hinggis Khan (1206вЂ“1227). 1281), wife of Qubilai Khan, wearing a boqta Khainag (yak-cattle crossbreeds) grazing near the shore of Lake KhГ¶wsgГ¶l, 1992Д®mpress Chabui (d. Two Transbaikal Buriat taishas with their wives and three daughters, 1890Д«uddhist temple at Gusinoozersk (Goose Lake) around 1770 The town of Kyren (Buriat, KhГјren) in the valley of the Irkut (Buriat, ErkhГјГј) River

The White Pagoda in Beijing, designed by Aniga Map of OngniвЂ™ud Left Banner, Inner Mongoli Mongol soldier with a bow and arrow and flintlock, around 1870 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS Photographs & Illustrations Collecting argal (dried dung) for fuel.

Rulers and Leaders of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire 625 Toro Cover design by Cathy Rincon Maps by Dale Williams Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.Д¬ONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps iv You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at Text design by Joan M. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. DS798.4.A88 2004 951.7вЂ™3вЂ™003-dc222003061696 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Includes bibliographical references and index. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Atwood, Christopher Pratt, 1964вЂ“ Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire / Christopher P.

For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. Atwood Indiana University, BloomingtonД®ncyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol EmpireД¬opyright В© 2004 by Christopher P.

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